Research has shown that the best trainers are high on competence, on concern for trainee and on teaching skills. They are called “professional trainers”.

The “oblivious incompetents” are the worst trainers. They do not know the subject, have poor communication skills as a teacher, and display very low concern for the needs of the trainee.

The “arrogant charlatans” are good communicators and perhaps arrogant because of this ability. They do not know the subject, but pretend to. And they have very low concern for the trainees and their needs.

The “humble experts” know their subject very well and are concerned about the trainee and his needs, but their communication skills are poor and this knowledge makes them further diffident.